Mark
was able to describe the cosmic
greatness of Christ, “precisely because of the place to which
he had moved after he had been Peter's pupil. He moved to Alexandria
in Egypt and lived there at a period when Jewish
philosophical-theosophical learning had reached a certain
culmination. He could take up in Alexandria what at that time were
the best aspects of pagan gnosis. He could absorb views, also in
existence there, about how the human being has come forth from
the spiritual, and how he came into contact with Lucifer and Ahriman,
and how luciferic and ahrimanic forces are taken up into the human
soul. From the pagan gnosis he could accept everything that was told
him about the origin of man out of the cosmos when our planet came
into being. But Mark could also see, especially when he was living in
an Egyptian locality, how strong the contrast was between what had
originally been destined for man, and what he had by this time
become.” — from the contents
During
the last two decades of this nineteenth
century the Austrian-born Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) became a
respected and well-published scientific, literary, and philosophical
scholar, particularly known for his work on Goethe's scientific
writings. After the turn of the century he began to develop his
earlier philosophical principles into an approach to methodical
research of psychological and spiritual phenomena.
His
multi-faceted genius has led to innovative
and holistic approaches in medicine, science, education
(Waldorf schools), special education, philosophy, religion,
economics, agriculture (Bio-Dynamic method), architecture,
drama, the new art of eurythmy, and other fields. In 1924 he founded
the General Anthroposophical Society, which today has branches
throughout the world.