SYNOPSIS
OF CONTENTS
The purpose
of the following synopsis is to facilitate reference to particular subjects
deal with in the lectures, in the order in which the themes occur.
LECTURE
ONE
This course
of lectures deals with paths leading to the spiritual world.
Man
apprehends reality through the fusion of external knowledge and
spiritual knowledge. The physical is informed by the spiritual and
the spiritual is active within the physical. Maya — the
world of the Great Illusion. “Know thyself” — the
search for self-knowledge. From these two sources arose the quest for
spiritual knowledge. The world of Maya cannot give knowledge of
man's inner being. In the ancient Mysteries this was sought in the
spiritual world. Methods leading to cognition of the phenomenal
world cannot give knowledge of the spiritual world. This leads to
illusion. Equally, vague mysticism and dream fantasies promote
ignorance. These are false paths.
True paths:
(I) External knowledge valid for life between birth and death. (2)
Even artistic expression of such sense-derived knowledge cannot
answer the problems of life. Greek sculptors and Renaissance painters
did not work from models. Art originally inspired by Mystery
teachings. (3) Spiritual knowledge necessary for purposes of
healing. Ancient remedies had their origin in the
Mysteries.
The totality
of world-knowledge in ancient Chaldea. Waking life called
Apsu. Sleeping life revealed Tiamat. The demoniac,
astral forms of Tiamat overcome by Ea or Soph-ia (wisdom) who is
represented by Marduk or Michael. Marduk created Heaven and Earth
from the slain Tiamat. In the course of time the vision of the
spiritual world was lost and was replaced by intellectual knowledge.
Today the need is to translate our extensive knowledge of the
phenomenal world into a new knowledge of the Mysteries and to
rediscover the religious source of art and the art of
healing.
LECTURE TWO
The different
conditions of consciousness in man.
In the
ordinary consciousness of today man distinguishes clearly between
sleeping and waking. Sense-perceptions more real than thought. In
ancient Chaldea there was no sharp differentiation between day
consciousness and night consciousness. The Chaldeans lived in the
Moon consciousness up to the age of twenty-one. Their calendar was
based on phases of the Moon. They experienced changes of development
every seven years, in accordance with the lunar phases. Waking
consciousness first experienced at the age of twenty-one. This
persisted until the fiftieth year and in old age they became highly
clairvoyant. In the Mysteries they were ‘Sun heroes’ at
fifty and ‘Fathers’ in old age.
The
Chaldeans knew three states of consciousness: diminished
consciousness up to the twentieth year; waking consciousness up to
the fiftieth year; thereafter, clairvoyant consciousness.
Man today
knows two states of consciousness with the addition of a third:
waking, sleeping, dreaming. The third stage of consciousness in
the Chaldean may be compared to a state of dreamless sleep. Today we
set no store on the experiences of dreamless sleep.
The
kaleidoscopic life of dreams today — fantastic,
pathological, symbolical, etc. It is possible through certain
exercises to carry over the dream life into waking life. This is the
first stage of Initiation.
When fully
conscious in dreams we develop a second state of consciousness; a
higher reality is added to the reality of everyday life. The
‘group souls’ of animals are seen. We become aware of the
astral world.
Further
exercises lead to the emptied consciousness. By an act of will it is
possible to remain awake in this condition and we become aware of the
plant archetypes in the world of stars. The plant-cover on Earth is
the reflected image of the starry heavens. This is the mid-stage of
Initiation.
The three
worlds on Earth:
A being with body, soul and spirit —
man.
A being with body and soul on Earth, but whose spirit
dwells in the astral world — the animal.
A being with body on Earth, the soul in the astral
world, the spirit in the spiritual world — the
plant.
The Cosmos and the kingdoms of
Nature are united in man.
LECTURE THREE
The metamorphosis
of consciousness opens up new paths for the investigation of other
worlds.
By
transforming the uncoordinated experiences of dreams into fully
conscious waking experiences we are able to perceive the animal
kingdom in its totality. Through a waking, sense-free consciousness
we rise to the world of stars and there we come to know the truth
about the plant-cover of the Earth. Above is the cosmic life and
below, the plants; the archetypal forms present in the Cosmos are
reflected in the Earth as in a mirror.
Having
developed the second level of consciousness — a waking
consciousness independent of sensory impressions — we can
develop a spirit of love towards all created things. We achieve
clairvoyant vision of the mineral-crystal kingdom. This is not
reflected in the Earth and the Earth vanishes from our sight. Fear
and spiritual self-control.
The
mineral-crystal kingdom is created from the interplay of cosmic
currents. The Gods are reflected in the crystals. Our soul should be
filled with veneration and awe; our thought-life should not have an
intellectual basis. With clairvoyant perception of the permeability
of certain crystals we experience a revival of fear. At a later stage
of knowledge we learn to know the “metallity” of metals
as well as their crystal forms.
Man's centre
of gravity is the heart. Under conditions of pain there is an
intensification of consciousness and in shock man loses
consciousness. Stability is centred in the heart and this centre is
related to Gold. Gold harmonises and brings
stability.
Meditation
on Iron. Consciousness rises to the larynx. We enter the
astral world and perceive the group-souls of the animals.
Meditation
on Tin. Consciousness lies in the region between the eyes. We
begin to leave our body and ascend into the Cosmos as far as the
Jupiter sphere. The Iron consciousness embraces the Mars sphere, Gold
the Earth sphere.
Meditation
on Lead. We leave our body completely and rise to the Saturn
sphere.
Meditation
on Copper. The Copper consciousness pervades our whole being.
It radiates from the centre below the heart and the
‘second’ man arises. He has emerged from Space into Time.
He is awake in the world of the dead.
The ancient
Chaldeans lived in the Iron (Mars) consciousness. They learned about
life after death from Moon beings. Today this is no longer
necessary.
The living
appear unreal as compared with the dead. The case of Strader
described.
The secret
of spiritual investigation is the conscious transformation of
consciousness.
LECTURE FOUR
The relationship
of “metallity” to other forms of consciousness in man.
In ancient
times it was customary to induce other states of consciousness by
administration of metals internally, but only after years of
training. This is no longer suitable today because the inner
constitution of man is different. Today the method must be a
spiritual one. The book
Knowledge of the Higher Worlds
indirectly gives indications for meditation upon metals.
Relationship
between disease and consciousness. Disturbance of digestive functions
indicates that copper consciousness is working too strongly in
an unconscious manner in the world of the dead. Balance is restored
by administering copper. This is the province of the medical
practitioner. All substances have a physical and a moral side.
The relationship between medical science and moral science must be
renewed on a new basis.
The levels
of consciousness of the seers in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth
centuries. The scholars of the School of Chartres had a faint
remembrance of Prosperina-Persephone. A sense of tragic loss. They no
longer experienced the clairvoyant sleep of the ancients. Such was
the experience of Alanus ab Insulis, Bernardus Silvestris, Joachim of
Fiore, and especially Brunetto Latini. Their conversations with their
pupils. Brunetto Latini received the revelation of the Goddess Natura
through a heat-stroke.
The
Mysteries of Ephesus. Conversation between pupils and Initiates after
participation in the Mysteries. Ancient forms of knowledge still
preserved in the Mysteries in the time of Homer were gradually lost
in the days of Heraclitus. The teacher described the outer
world as the garment of Demeter woven by Persephone. The pupil
experienced the uprising etheric forces of nature; the teacher, the
descending cosmic form-building forces. Thus knowledge became a
unity.
Today
through spiritual exercises we must seek forms of knowledge
which lead back from the Outer to the Inner, from the Above to the
Below, and then from the Inner to the Outer and the Below to the
Above.
LECTURE FIVE
The
copper condition of man.
The copper
consciousness enables man to perceive his pre-earthly
existence. In this state of consciousness man perceives the
‘group soul’ of the animals. The world appears
transformed; the environment is permeated with the psychic and
spiritual. Because this intermediate world permeates the sensory
world we are able to develop our sense organs.
Physical
chemistry has no significance in this intermediate world; it belongs
to the world between birth and death. Only earth, water, fire and air
have significance. Brunetto Latini gained insight into this
‘second’ world after a heat-stroke.
We owe our
sense-derived images of the physical world to the construction of the
brain. The need to silence brain activity when we enter this
elemental world. Abstract thoughts destroy higher perception. When
the brain is neutralized Imagination arises. Animals have a
perception of a similar kind, but inferior and
non-individualized.
Meditation
on Mercury. Man is isolated from the physical world and the
world of elements. Mercury stimulates the astral body. Man becomes
aware of the metabolism of the organs. Inner activity is united with
cosmic activity. Man becomes permeated with the
‘third’ man. The stars are revealed as colonies of
spiritual beings.
Mercury and
Tin are related. In meditating on Mercury man enters pre-earthly
existence before the present earthly organs were formed. This new
world is the world of cosmic fluids which create the temperaments of
man: choleric, sanguinic, melancholic and phlegmatic. Loss of
connection with the cosmic fluids leads to disease, e.g. defective
circulation. Administration of Mercury restores the
connection.
Meditation
on Silver. Man is brought into contact with that which comes
over from earlier incarnations. Meditation on silver leads to the
perception of spiritual warmth in the blood. This warmth is connected
with the forces of reproduction.
Pathological
states. Blood should take its warmth from the spheres through which
man has passed in previous incarnations, not from his present
environment. Fever is the temporary separation of the
circulation from its normal position within the chain of
incarnations. For certain fever conditions, silver should be
administered.
Silver is
the remedy for all diseases arising from karma.
LECTURE SIX
Description of
the three states of everyday consciousness.
-
Physical body is scarcely
understood today.
-
The etheric body — a
body of formative forces — can be perceived by the
first higher stage of consciousness.
-
The astral body: is
imperceptible to the senses and can be perceived only when the
state of ‘emptied’ consciousness is
reached.
-
The Ego is perceived when the
emptied consciousness is progressively developed.
Through
spiritual training, spiritual sense organs can be developed.
Sleep. The astral body and Ego leave the body but
continue to vibrate with the physical and etheric bodies. From
the chaotic interplay between the activity of the external spiritual
world and the after-vibrations in the astral body, the dream arises.
The Initiate suppresses the after-vibration of the physical and the
etheric and is able to perceive clearly the spiritual
world.
In dreamless
sleep, consciousness is severed from the physical and the etheric and
man lives in the astral and Ego, but without organs of perception.
These organs can be developed through meditation. In the fifteenth
century the significance of Initiation was partially lost. The
physical world was regarded as the only reality. The function of
Anthroposophy is to revive knowledge of the spiritual. .
The ancients
were more loosely connected with their physical and etheric bodies.
Modern education tends to bind us closely to them. In ancient times
the novice's make-up and natural disposition determined his capacity
for Initiation. The life-periods determine the possibilities of
Initiation. The life-periods form organs of cognition. Age brings
increased depth of clairvoyant perception. When we look back
consciously into the experiences of our lives we find that each
period was under the power of certain forces which can be
re-lived.
When the
life-periods are transformed into organs of inner experience, we are
able to enlarge step by step our cosmic consciousness.
LECTURE SEVEN
The historical
evolution of mankind. Widely different spiritual characteristics of the
epochs and their relation to the lift-periods.
The Michael
epoch (the present epoch) began in the eighteen-seventies. Here the
spiritual forces from the Sun are predominant in all sphere's of
life. The bearers of these forces centred round the Archangel
Michael.
The Gabriel
epoch — the forerunner of the Michael epoch — lasted
three to four centuries and was under the influence of the Moon
forces. Man can gain knowledge of these forces through an inspired
retrospective survey of the first seven years of childhood. To
perceive the characteristics of our own epoch we must look back to
the formative forces within us between the ages of twenty-one and
forty-two.
The epoch
dating back from the fifteenth to the eleventh centuries was subject
to Mercury influences. The organ of perception for this epoch
developed between the change of teeth and puberty. Outstanding
figures of this epoch: Alanus ab Insulis, Bernardus Silvestris,
Joachim of Fiore, other teachers of the school of Chartres and
Brunetto Latini. Externally a period of darkness but spiritually
filled with illumination. Much was imparted to mankind by names
unknown to history, e.g. Paracelsus “major.”
In the
Gabriel epoch figures such as Goethe, Byron, Voltaire, had a shadowy
existence in the spiritual world. They are ‘eclipsed’ by
great Moon Beings who formerly lived on Earth as spiritual teachers
of mankind. They are interested in human movements — in writing
and in other emanations such as fluid, skin, warmth and light
emanations.
Black magic
is the conscious use of chemical emanations for degenerate purposes.
Life emanations can be used for good by the Moon Beings under the
influence of the Sun.
The task of
man in the Michael age is to learn to work with the life emanations,
i.e. with living concepts, not dead theories.
The need for
psychic and spiritual self-control. The spiritual in the emanations
must not be drawn down into the physical world as in spiritualism.
Danger of interference from elementary beings when the Ego of the
medium is suppressed.
Experiments
of Schrenk-Notzing.
The
elementary beings use the skin emanations of the fluid element in
order to produce the “phantom.” Magical preparations must
be used in order to evoke the forces inherent in the light and warmth
ethers. This leads to black magic which makes use of the Moon forces
left behind in the Earth. A dangerous region created by mediumism and
black magic surrounds the Earth and is actively opposed to all
that is destined to proceed from the Sun region in the Michael
age.
LECTURE EIGHT
Ahrimanic
beings and possession.
Each cosmic
world can be reached by developing the appropriate level of
consciousness.
We gain
knowledge of the plant kingdom by raising our consciousness to
the world of archetypal plant forms. We are then able to recognize
the differences between the plant forms, e.g. violet and belladonna.
The violet belongs to the world of emptied waking consciousness. The
belladonna derives its being from other worlds; the astral world
penetrates into the fruit and it is therefore poisonous. The same
astral forces which fashion the animal into a sentient being, when
entering into plants cause them to be poisonous. The belladonna
attracts to itself something from an alien world, whilst the violet
remains within the world proper to it.
In the world
of the dead, elementary beings exist who make use of forces which do
not belong to their world, but to the physical world. Their function
is to transmit man's achievements on the physical plane to future
generations, e.g. writing, the construction of motor vehicles and so
forth. They are Ahrimanic beings and belong to an entirely different
sphere of evolution.
Demoniac
forms in the world of the dead are the astral reflection of
poisonous plants, e.g. autumn crocus. Non-poisonous plants, e.g.
violet, have their archetype in the next higher world. Through the
medium we contact the plant archetypes but in a world that is foreign
to them.
On the
physical plane all men have mediumistic possibilities. Mediumistic
persons have developed certain parts of the brain which no longer
form the basis for Ego-activity. Through the medium the elementary
beings project into the present what should have been communicated to
the future. These beings are caught up in the destiny of the Earth
and sacrifice their future mission.
The law of
Archimedes and the weight of the human brain. The weight of the human
brain is 20 grammes (instead of 1500 grammes) because it floats in a
fluid medium. Only these 20 grammes can contain the Ego. The medium
is a person in whom the 20 grammes no longer contain the Ego. In
trance conditions this “phantom” 20 grammes, the residual
weight of the brain, is invaded by elementary beings; the Ego is
insulated. Under these conditions the elementary beings can use the
fluid, breath and light emanations.
Through
mediumism the spiritual world trespasses into the physical world.
This danger is always present when man's Egoconsciousness is
dimmed.
LECTURE NINE
Dream
life and somnambulism.
The
experiences of the dream and of somnambulism are normal
conditions of ordinary life. When intensified they lead either into
true or false channels.
Through
exercises in concentration and meditation dream life can be invested
with higher consciousness. Teachers once lived upon Earth in etheric
bodies and instructed mankind through Inspiration. They were
responsible for the primordial culture on Earth. Later they withdrew
to the Moon sphere and from there they now work upon man after he has
passed through the gates of death. They reveal to him the
consequences of his karma. In communion with them man investigates
the spiritual worlds adjacent to our own. This state of consciousness
is an illumination of the dream state.
The
difference between the Initiate and the man of normal consciousness.
In sleep, ordinary man experiences only with the Ego, the Initiate
with Ego and astral body. This form of perception was developed
in the Mysteries, continued through the Middle Ages and is more
or less lost today. Dangers attached to this form of perception. The
need for correct exercises in meditation.
In ancient
times man was naturally possessed of spiritual vision. He perceived
spiritually the aura of a being not incarnated in a physical
body and then dreamed the form belonging to it. The ancient painters
worked in this way. This clairvoyant vision has been lost and must be
reacquired through spiritual training. The old Initiates do not
penetrate beyond the Moon sphere and Moon incarnation of the Earth.
H. P. Blavatsky associated with Initiates who remained behind in the
Moon sphere. Dr. Steiner went beyond this and described the Earth in
its earlier incarnations of Moon, Sun and Saturn (see
Occult Science — an Outline).
Moon Initiates antipathetic to
concepts of natural science. Dr. Steiner overcame their limitations
and was able to impregnate the Imaginative world with fully conscious
concepts of modern natural science.
Difference
between dream and somnambulism. The dreamer lives wholly, but
unconsciously, in his Ego and astral body. In the medium, Ego and
astral body are outside the physical and etheric bodies and he has no
control over them; an elementary being takes command. The medium is
united with the external world of nature, with the world of form; he
“dreams in action.” The dreamer is immersed in the
formless, the eternally changing; he “dreams
within.”
The Initiate
must find his way consciously into the spiritual world. Psychical
research attempts to understand the inner being of man through
experiments which are a caricature of the scientific method.
The desire is to perceive the spiritual in tangible form.
Man attempts
to bridge the sphere of inner experience and external perception, the
chaotic world of the dreamer and the abnormal world of the medium. In
Art, the external form is imbued with spirit and the spiritual
content is translated into external form. Anthroposophy directs the
occult stream to Art, e.g. Mystery Plays, Eurythmy, Speech
Formation.
The Moon
mysteries must be transcended. Important to impregnate occult
knowledge with spiritual science.
In ancient
times the Mysteries were associated with medicine. This approach must
be revived. Connection between mediumism and illness. Illness due to
withdrawal of Ego and astral body from an organ.
Anthroposophy
seeks to develop in the future an Initiation-medicine which is also an
Initiation-science.
LECTURE TEN
Influences
of the Sun and Moon.
The
influences of the Sun upon Earth, animal and man are evident
everywhere. Moon influences today are relegated to the sphere of
superstition. Anecdote of the two professors.
Between
birth and death man is today almost entirely subject to the
influences of the Earth, Sun and Moon.
Between
going to sleep and waking we experience the Sun influences within the
astral body and Ego. In waking life we experience the Sun externally.
During sleep we are related to the Sun through our inner life; the
Moon influences work from without upon the physical and etheric
bodies. In the waking state this is reversed. We bear the Moon
influences within us, in the astral body and Ego, and we experience
the Sun influences from without. These factors determine our everyday
consciousness between birth and death.
When we
succeed in transforming the dream consciousness into an instrument
for the apprehension of reality we are aware of accumulated Moon
forces in waking life. We feel the presence of a “second
man” within us, in whom the forces of the Moon sphere dwell.
When, during sleep, the Moon forces begin to be inwardly active in
the “second man,” this “second man” begins to
wander about in the light of the Moon and takes the etheric and
physical bodies with him. Here is the origin of
somnambulism.
The first
step in Initiate consciousness transforms this activity of the second
man into an inner experience. It must be kept under control and
linked to the normal consciousness of the physical body.
By inner
effort we are able to bring the night consciousness into the day
consciousness and the spiritual begins to awaken. If this is achieved
in full consciousness we are then on the right path. Without full
consciousness we take the false path which leads to mediumism. The
phenomena and events are not the essential, but the way we respond to
them.
After fully
experiencing the Moon consciousness within us, Mercury (the next
stage of consciousness) arises. Then we can control the “second
man” within us. The Messenger of the Gods — Mercury
— guides us along the true path that leads into the spiritual
world.
The Mystic
fails to understand psychic experiences. The Initiate
understands and differentiates. Experiments with mediums lead us
astray. A living understanding of the Moon sphere is the first step
to Initiation.
In the
Mercury sphere visions are transformed into real Imaginations.
When our inner life is further strengthened we reach the Venus sphere
and the visions vanish. We follow the path from Earth to Moon,
Mercury, Venus, Sun. We experience the Sun sphere and behold the Sun
spiritually.
The failure
of psychical research to reach the truth.
The
perception of the human organization in Imaginations. We must
transform our medical and scientific knowledge into an inner
spiritual perception of the human organs.
The Saturn
sphere “wooed” into the scientific consciousness. The
forces of Saturn work in every organ. Through the search for Saturn,
for the inner spiritual structure of each organ, we reach the Jupiter
sphere. We now realize that every organ is the counterpart of a
spiritual being.
The whole
man is seen as Cosmic Man.
Madame
Blavatsky was directed to sources of knowledge by a Mercury
Being.
LECTURE ELEVEN
Two
paths of investigation.
Normal
consciousness is restricted to the limited field of
sense-observation. The spiritual world cannot be investigated by the
methods of natural science.
Three states
of consciousness are common to the Ego today: waking, dreaming and
deep sleep. In the inner life of the Ego they correspond to thinking,
feeling and willing. The life of will is hidden from ordinary
consciousness, but through Initiation can be raised into
consciousness.
Today
scientific knowledge is related to the phenomenal world, faith to the
spiritual world. Through modern scientific investigation we have come
to accept nothing that cannot be demonstrated on a factual basis. The
proofs of science do not rest upon knowledge, but upon faith. The
bridges between knowledge of the phenomenal world and knowledge of
the spiritual world have been destroyed. The findings of Spiritual
Science can be accepted by reason, but not investigated by reason.
When spiritual investigations are accepted in the form of ideas
they form a basis for spiritual knowledge.
The
significance of Karma. Karma cannot be studied in a laboratory. The
right side of everyday consciousness leads to an understanding of
Initiation. It is possible to understand the communications of
Initiation-science without personal experience of the spiritual
world.
Birth
and Death and Evil.
The physical
and etheric bodies increase in vitality up to the age of thirty-five,
whilst the astral body and Ego decline. After thirty-five the process
is reversed. Birth and death are interrelated.
Spiritual
knowledge of the human organs brings realization of their cosmic
significance. The “whole” man dies at death; the separate
organs do not die, but each takes its allotted place in the Cosmos.
In spiritual vision we recognize them again in the form of the Cosmic
Man. In the vision of the Cosmic Man we become aware of man's
successive incarnations.
The Moon
Initiates were unable to identify the entities they
perceived.
In man's
organs lies the potentiality for evil. We come to know from what
spheres obsession with evil originates. We also discover that
out of this understanding of the Cosmic Man, a Christology is
born.
The
revelation of the Divine through Art. Art preserves a dim memory of
the spiritual world. The plastic Arts are now assuming more and
more a musical form. The Art of the near future will be music. The
coming of the living Christ will have to be portrayed through music. In
Parsifal
the “wooing” of the Christ Impulse
into the phenomenal world was expressed through symbols only
(e.g. the Dove and the Communion). Wagner failed to portray the
essence of the Christ Impulse in the Cosmos and the Earth. Music is
able to portray the Christ Impulse in tones that are inwardly
permeated with soul and spirit. If music is inspired by Spiritual
Science it will find means to achieve this. The Mystery of the
Incarnation of Christ can be evoked in music. Bruckner was unable to
achieve this because of his limitations.
The
expression of the Christ Impulse in its true form through music will
ultimately be expressed through the inspiration of
Anthroposophy.
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