Introduction to the Revised Edition
IN 1935, under the title,
The Social Future, six lectures delivered by Rudolf Steiner at
Zurich, Switzerland, in October, 1919, were published in English
translation. This series summarized and supplemented the thoughts
which Rudolf Steiner had earlier presented in his book, The
Cardinal Points of the Social Problem in View of the Necessities of
Life in the Present and the Future, [Die Kernpunkte der Sozialen Frage in den
Lebensnotwendigkeiten der Gegenwart and Zukunft.]
published in English translation under the title, The Threefold
Commonwealth. [Published by
Allen, Unwin Co., London, 1921; now by Anthroposophic Press, New
York.]
After the first
edition of The Social Future had been out of print for a long
time, the Anthroposophic Press decided to publish a second, newly
revised, edition, enlarged with an introduction and some clarifying
appendices.
In view of the present
confused mental state of the world, it can certainly be viewed as a
commendable undertaking to do everything possible by publishing new
and out-of-print English translations of Rudolf Steiner's writings,
in order to keep open the avenues to the life work of this man who is
recognized as the greatest spirit of the age by those who know his
untiring battle to save western civilization.
At a time, however,
when overwhelming events and inner decay of the soul nature so weaken
the human will that it continually loses the power to permeate this
nature with unsullied ideas, the holding open of these avenues of
approach, as far as possible through publication of essential
literature, signifies something more: it means the bringing forward
of the proof that Europe, in spite of her catastrophic development
during recent decades, has still today something decisive to say and
give to the world.
Not Europe's corpse,
which is much more the tragic result of soul-suicide than of
continuous bombing; what is meant here is Europe's living spirit.
This living and indestructible spirit has received in the life work
of the Austrian thinker, Rudolf Steiner, its universal human form of
expression, far removed from nationalism and dogmatism, alien to
life. In this life work, and through its effectual working out over
decades in human groups — still small but increasingly active
— the spiritual and cultural substance of Europe is saved and
lives on as seed of the future.
In consequence of this
we now stand, in the midst of turbulent outer events in the political
and economic fields, before a spiritual fact which America cannot
bypass if she does not wish to perish in the miasmas which arise from
the European corpse, and which poison the atmosphere of the entire
civilized world. Those who cannot see the present unsolved economic
and political problems as primarily problems of pure humanity, not
yet recognized in their full import, will not notice this danger. But
a glance at current literature and the daily press suffices to show
that the growing threat to what remains of cultural relationships is
perceived by a majority of responsible citizens. Do these thoughtful
people, however, have the vital ideas which can serve as a foundation
for a new way of life in the cultural, political, and economic
spheres, and which will permit control of the threatening danger? The
life work of Rudolf Steiner leads the way to the source of such
ideas.
The republication of
this book can be considered as a meritorious undertaking in yet a
third respect: it requires courage. By, courage is meant here that
special courage springing from an unshakable trust in truth, and the
recognition of the duty to reveal it, although under most unfavorable
outer circumstances. Whoever would undertake to make Rudolf Steiner's
ideas for a social rebirth accessible to wider circles must
courageously take upon himself, first, the stigma of Utopian,
cast upon him by so-called “practical people”; secondly,
the danger that comes from arousing the enmity of egotistical
interests; and, thirdly, the danger coming from exposure to the
destructive wills of the enemies of freedom. These are the hindrances
which would prevent recognition of the ideas received into the will
to freedom as impulses for the solution of the social problem, but
which instead seek to realize dogmatic programs by means of power.
Those who promote these hindrances are, in fact, the enemies of true
democracy, although they seek to conceal their wolfish nature under a
democratic sheepskin.
For a deeper
understanding of this book still another observation may be useful:
Rudolf Steiner never pursued the accomplishment of his task by the
use of political or economic means. He limited himself entirely to
the renewal of cultural life as the spiritual source of a social
transformation of politics and economics. But he was at the same time
an untiring observer of political events, economic relations, and
conscious and unconscious emotions and will impulses which were
brought to expression in the political and economic spheres. With
very special intensity he undertook research into the thought habits
of our times which in their interplay had become a fateful
automatism. Rudolf Steiner saw as his highest task the freeing of the
modern human being's consciousness from the customary modes of
thought affecting him out of the subconscious, and its guidance into
the free creative understanding of the spirit. But he had to clothe
his communications in the forms of scientific thought which is, for
our age, authoritative and justified.
In this book we
experience how successfully Rudolf Steiner mastered this task. Yet
the reader should not overlook the fact that both the spoken word of
these lectures and the written word of Rudolf Steiner's books on the
social rebirth were subject to still another, entirely different form
element: the perception of the particular world situation between
1914 and 1919. As far as its nature is concerned, this situation,
right up to the present, has not changed in the least. The degree of
destructive might, however, has changed. The second world catastrophe
should not be considered apart from the first. They merely represent
the various stages of one grandiose destructive process. Therefore,
only those readers of this book will know how to value its content in
the right way who arouse an inner activity in themselves. They must
so forcefully develop the thoughts presented here that their power of
illumination is not lost in face of the eminence of modern facts
grown to gigantic proportions. In regard to the writings and lectures
of Rudolf Steiner on the renewal of the social life, it will be
fitting to quote what he especially emphasized in the year of his
death (1925) in the Preface to his chief work on cosmological
subjects [Rudolf Steiner,
Occult Science, an Outline, Anthroposophic Press, New
York.]:
“I have quite
consciously endeavored not to offer a ‘popular’
exposition, but one which makes it necessary for the reader to study
the content with strict effort of thought. I have thus impressed upon
my books a character which enables the reader to find himself, even
as he reads, at the beginning of spiritual training.”
In our case, this
spiritual training must include the effort to employ these social
ideas upon the changed world situation of 1945.
Coincident with the
first edition of the already mentioned fundamental work in 1919,
The Threefold Commonwealth, Rudolf Steiner published his
Appeal to the German People and the Cultural World. He began
with the words:
“Resting on
secure foundations with the assurance of enduring for untold ages
— that is what the German people believed of their empire
founded half a century ago. Today they can only behold its ruins.
Deep searching of the soul must follow from such an
experience.”
The answer of destiny
to the neglect of this searching of the soul and the admission of the
powers of soul-destruction is for the German people the repeated
demolition of their political and economic organism. Who would doubt
that these words in the present world situation, if rewritten, would
sound somewhat as follows:
“Resting on
secure foundations with the assurance of enduring for untold ages
— that is what the progressive, intelligent man of the
nineteenth century believed of the edifice of man, built up in the
course of historical evolution. Today the man of the twentieth
century can only look at the ruins of this edifice. There must be a
deep searching of the soul after such an experience.”
If the republication
of these lectures makes a contribution of positive ideas to such
searching of the soul which can be fruitful for the social future,
this book will have fulfilled its task.
It should be said that
these remarks and the appendices at the end of the book are limited
to the smallest possible compass. Their object is merely an attempt
to protect the spoken word from misunderstanding and
misinterpretation since these lectures were taken down by shorthand
with its unavoidable shortcomings. Any overdoing of this attempt at
“clarifying” would do violence to them and overlook the
reverence due such a spiritual original performance.
Bernard Behrens.
August, 1945.
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