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  • Title: Book: PoF: Cover Sheet
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
  • Title: Book: PoF: Contents
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • 9 The Idea of Freedom 121
  • Title: Book: PoF: Introduction by Michael Wilson
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • ideas from this realm into the field of ethics, to help him deal with
    • to Weimar. Here Steiner wrestled with the task of presenting his ideas to
    • science, and yet his experience of the reality of ideas was in some ways
    • the other hand, consists of ideas about the world, even if the ideas are
    • Steiner was able to form ideas that bear upon the spiritual world in the
    • same way that the ideas of natural science bear upon the physical. Thus he
    • of his ideas in his doctoral dissertation,
    • summed up the ideas he had formed to deal with the riddles of existence that
    • ideas to express the spiritual world itself.”
    • element of the world of ideas. Steiner describes what it is at the
    • IDEA and MENTAL PICTURE, as used here, correspond to the
    • would both be rendered as “idea”, and this practice led to an
    • Idea” with a capital “I”. Though this usage may have
    • class of ideas, here the term “idea” is used only for the German
    • Idee, without ambiguity. Ideas are not individualized, but are
    • close to the English use of the word “idea”.
    • idea, or concept, and creating a vivid mental picture of how it can
    • creative ideas behind the phenomena of nature. In these later
    • idea which stands as the motive, but in order to follow the development
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Author's Prefaces: Preface to the revised edition of 1918
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • this view completely justifies the idea of free will, provided
    • characterize the main ideas of the book. At the original writing I
  • Title: Book: PoF: Author's Prefaces: Preface to the first edition, 1894; revised, 1918
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • human ideas were their artists' materials and scientific
    • on concrete individual life. The ideas become powerful forces
    • before an idea and devote his powers to its service, but in the
    • sense that he masters the world of ideas in order to use them
    • One must be able to confront an idea and experience it;
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter One: Conscious Human Action
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • been brought to bear. The idea of the freedom of the human
    • idea of freedom has since been repeated times without
    • man adopts an idea, or mental picture, as the motive of his
    • loved one. And the more idealistic these mental pictures are,
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Two: The Fundamental Desire for Knowledge
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • ideas that are in his I, in order to reconcile what lives in him
    • absolute idealism appears as extreme spiritualist — is Johann
    • of the world of ideas. Hence a world-conception that inclines
    • this world of ideas. In this way spiritualism becomes one-sided
    • idealism. Instead of going on to penetrate through the
    • world of ideas to the spiritual world, idealism identifies the
    • spiritual world with the world of ideas itself. As a result, it
    • A curious variant of idealism is to be found in the view
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Three: Thinking in the service of Knowledge
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • have started from various primary antitheses: idea and
    • “I” and “Not-I”, idea and will, concept and matter,
    • fancies, mental pictures, concepts and ideas, all illusions and
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Four: The World as Percept
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • thinking, concepts and ideas arise.
    • an ideal element is added to the object, and he considers the
    • object and the ideal counterpart as belonging together.
    • only the ideal counterpart of it remains. This latter is the
    • each has its special place. Ideas do not differ qualitatively
    • and not concepts and ideas which
    • idealism, in contrast to the standpoint of naïve consciousness
    • Critical idealism can refute naïve realism only by itself
    • has objective existence. As soon as the idealist realizes that
    • mental picture “eye”. So-called critical idealism cannot be
    • world of percepts cannot establish critical idealism, and
    • idealism is allowed to speak.
    • Critical idealism is totally unfitted to form an opinion
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Five: The Act of Knowing the World
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • accept the consequences, as the critical idealist does when he
    • The truth of critical idealism is one thing, the force of its proof another.
    • Naïve realism and critical idealism is related
    • “are.” If the philosopher, as critical idealist, admits real
    • The critical idealist can, however, go even further and say: I am confined
    • but a mental picture. An idealist of this type will either deny the
    • To this kind of critical idealist the whole world seems a dream, in the face
    • knowledge, of one's own personality. The critical idealist then comes to
    • common element in the separate entities of the world other than the ideal
    • other than this internally coherent ideal content, which we gain by a
    • ideal system of our concepts and ideas.
    • us an “ideal” counterpart of the unity of the world, but never the
    • and ideas. In contrast to the content of percept which is given to us from
    • our line of argument? We have learnt that the proof which critical idealism
    • itself is erroneous. Critical idealism does not base its proof on the
    • through the ideal connections of percepts, that is, connections accessible
    • is therefore purely ideal, that is, it can be expressed only by means of
    • as modern physiology and the critical idealism based on it do. Their view
    • confuses an ideal relation (that of the object to the subject) with a
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Six: Human Individuality
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • the region of the ideal. There are men in whom even the
    • most general ideas that enter their heads still bear that
  • Title: Book: PoF: Knowledge of Freedom: Chapter Seven: Are There Limits to Knowledge?
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • This reference is called an ideal one. With this the dualist
    • conceptual ones. In other words, the ideal principles
    • regards everything else, especially the world of ideas, as
    • unreal or “merely ideal”. What we add to objects by thinking
    • through ideas is not regarded by the naïve mind as being real
    • in “mere idea” is regarded as a chimera until conviction of
    • addition to the ideal evidence of his thinking. In this need of
    • exist to provide ideal counterparts of percepts, and have no
    • real; the single idea of the tulip is to him an abstraction, the
    • an idea, not a reality. Thus this theory of the world find itself
    • to percepts, the existence of something ideal. It must
    • thinking; it cannot be perceived. The purely ideal relationship
    • realism and idealism. Its hypothetical forces are
    • reveals, namely, the concept (idea), is just as important a
    • conceptual (ideal) relationships. Metaphysical realism would
    • both the so-called “real” and “ideal” principles are
    • ideal relationship between the percept of the object and the
    • ideal relationship to our world of percepts, but that to the
    • one-sided realism with idealism into a higher unity.
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Eight: The Factors of Life
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • transcends the self. To the separate percepts it adds ideally
    • perception of self is ideally determined by this something in
    • thinking, and the ideally determined elements are the concepts
    • and ideas. Thinking, therefore, first reveals itself in the
    • ideal existence. Through it we feel ourselves to be thinking
    • life was expended in establishing purely ideal relationships
    • relate percepts to ourselves not merely ideally, through
    • the purely ideal element of knowledge. From his point of
    • concept or idea. This is why, in actual life, feelings, like
    • general. In this manner, in a purely ideal way (that is,
    • purely ideal factor, is just as much mere object of perception
    • principle which is ideal. To a certain extent this is justified.
    • mediation between them. Besides the ideal principle which
    • world process only in so far as it is ideally related to the rest
  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Nine: The Idea of Freedom
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    • The Reality of Freedom: Chapter Nine: The Idea of Freedom
    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • Idea of Freedom
    • concept through pure intuition from out of the ideal sphere. Such a concept
    • me, but the ideal and hence universal content of my intuition. As soon as I
    • content of our moral ideas to particular experiences (percepts). The highest
    • what his ideals will contribute to this general good. If a man upholds the
    • and the idea behind an action alone becomes its motive.
    • own ideal content.
    • intuition in a purely ideal way? This objection rests upon a confusion of
    • with the idea which reveals itself to me when I am faced with the concrete
    • Men vary greatly in their capacity for intuition. In one, ideas just bubble
    • intuition works in a given situation. The sum of ideas which are effective
    • ideas. In so far as this intuitive content applies to action, it constitutes
    • the idea of it. This alone makes it my action. If a man acts only
    • cannot be the mere fact of my having conceived the idea of an action, but
    • that he is able to raise himself at all to the intuitive world of ideas. In
    • instincts and its feelings but rather the unified world of ideas which
    • that something of the idea world comes to expression in a particular way
    • twelve to the dozen; through the particular form of the idea by means of which
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Ten: Freedom - Philosophy and Monism
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • (moral idea) is separated from every being other than oneself
    • of percepts. Whoever is incapable of producing moral ideas
    • idea as to the percept. The idea, however, can come to
    • their intuitive ideas, pursue only their own human ends.
    • For the world of ideas comes to expression, not in a community
    • ideas which come to realization in the moral life, and are of
    • either the idea of knowledge or the idea of freedom in a true
    • If we really understand how ideas are intuitively experienced
    • act of knowing, man, on the edge of the world of ideas, lives
    • that when, from this world of ideas, he derives the intuitions
    • in the spiritual ideal process of knowing. What appears as a
    • cognitive ideas and the individual nature of moral ideas is
    • people so often fail to notice that they have no other ideas
  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Eleven: World Purpose and Life Purpose
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • necessary to have an ideal, law-determined connection
    • to introduce perceptible elements where only ideal elements
    • ideal he finds not only invisible forces but also invisible real
    • of an idea. In a realistic sense, an idea can become
    • Ideas are realized purposefully only by human beings.
    • of ideas by history. All such phrases as “history is the
    • determined and conditioned by an idea of this limb, floating
    • and conditioned by an idea of it floating in the air, but by the
    • there are laws (ideas) which we discover through our thinking,
    • perceptual whole is simply the ideal coherence of the parts of
    • an ideal whole contained in this perceptual whole. To say
    • that an animal or a man is not determined by an idea floating
    • not determined by an idea floating in the air, but it definitely
    • is determined by an idea inborn in it and constituting the
    • law of its being. It is just because the idea is not external to
    • idea floating in the air or existing outside the creature in the
    • as its idea, into the machine itself. The machine becomes
    • thereby an object of perception with the idea corresponding
    • invariably turns out to be nothing but the ideal link
  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Twelve: Moral Imagination
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • to intuitions selected from the totality of his world of ideas by
    • particular intuition from his world of ideas in order to make
    • little as what they have decreed. He has purely ideal reasons
    • his ideas chiefly by means of the imagination. Therefore
    • what the free spirit needs in order to realize his ideas, in
    • the faculty of having moral ideas (moral intuition) and
    • Moral imagination and the faculty of having moral ideas
    • with them as with a natural history of moral ideas.
    • and earlier, we cannot get even a single new moral idea
    • proto-amniotes. Later moral ideas evolve out of earlier, but the
    • moral ideas of the individual have perceptibly developed out
    • is morally barren unless he has moral ideas of his own.
    • The appearance of completely new moral ideas through
    • merely inferred and cannot be experienced ideally. In doing
    • will, in so far as the will realizes purely ideal intuitions. For
    • finds that an action is the image of such an ideal intuition,
    • that is, what I have set before myself as my idea of action,
    • moral ideas. In other words, I am free only when I myself
    • from the experience that an ideal intuition comes to realization
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Thirteen: The Value of Life
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • since Hartmann does not deny the presence of an ideal factor (wisdom) in the
    • whose existence he had not the faintest idea, this fills him with pleasure
    • life through the acceptance of pessimism. The moral ideals are said not to
    • an unselfish way of life. Moral ideals, then, according to the opinion of
    • human desires demand and the fulfillment of man's moral ideals. No ethics can
    • abstract ideas may establish their dominion unopposed by any strong
    • sustained by ideal intuitions, a will that reaches its goal even though the
    • Moral ideals spring from the moral imagination of man. Their realization
    • to tell him what he shall strive for. He will strive for moral ideals
    • If a man strives for sublimely great ideals, it is because they are the
    • gratification of commonplace desires is a mere triviality. Idealists
    • revel, spiritually, in the translation of their ideals into
    • moral ideas. They must be given to him. Physical nature sees to it that he
    • developed, the so-called ideals of virtue lie, not without, but
    • of human nature. Those who hold that moral ideals are attainable only if man
    • destroys his own personal will, are not aware that these ideals are wanted by
    • the human race, and reject all moral ideas which they have not themselves
  • Title: Book: PoF: Reality of Freedom: Chapter Fourteen: Individuality and Genus
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
  • Title: Book: PoF: Ultimate Questions: The Consequences of Monism
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • of subjective idealists. He will only deny that we reach the
    • same reality with our knowing, with our ideas, as the one we
    • conceptual reflection), but in so far as we find the ideas that
    • all perceiving subjects to the same ideal unity in all
    • multiplicity. The unitary world of ideas expresses itself in them as
    • ideas that lights up within him, embracing all that is separate,
    • divine life, common to all, in reality itself. The ideas of
    • only a part of the total world of ideas, and to that extent
    • a primordial Being made up of idea and will, is but a compound
    • understands itself. Monism does not deny ideal elements,
    • in fact, it considers a perceptual content without an ideal
    • to their ideal complements as incomplete. But it
    • observable world. Hence it knows no ideas that refer to
    • such ideas monism regards as abstractions borrowed from
    • moral imagination. The idea that realizes itself in an action
    • is detached by man from the unitary world of ideas and made
    • reasons that he gives himself out of his world of ideas or that
    • impulse is determined ideally in the unitary world of ideas;
    • translation of an idea into reality by man, monism can find
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  • Title: Book: PoF: Appendix Added to the new edition, 1918
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.
    • fully to oneself. One would then be a transcendental idealist.
    • then one has transcendental idealism. But if the answer is that
    • transcendental idealist; but whoever
    • idealist. Whoever answers “six” (namely, two persons as
  • Title: Book: PoF: Translator's Note
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    • German idealistic school of philosophy.



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